Introduction to Ultralearning
Core Argument of Ultralearning
- Traditional education is inefficient and outdated.
- Traditional education does not effectively or consistently support student agency development or teach self-reliance.
- Agency is the capacity to make free, independent choices.
- Self-reliance is important for taking control of our lives through learning.
- Self-reliance is the act of putting agency into practice by trusting your own judgment and abilities.
- You cannot be self-reliant without agency.
Rule 1: Meta-learning
- Meta-learning involves figuring out the what, why, and how of what you’re about to learn.
- Breaking down and simplifying the learning process is important.
- Meta-learning is like a syllabus or onboarding process.
Applying Meta-learning
- Identify two to three core learning objectives.
- Schedule specific times for learning.
- Identify courses, resources, or coaching to use.
- Get a big picture overview of what you need to learn and in what order.
- Be specific about what to do each day.
Meta-learning Research and Plan Example
Rule 2: Focus Deeply
- Deep focus is important when learning.
- Concentrated effort leads to higher quality and more efficient learning.
Building a Deep Work Routine
- Build a deep work routine to prepare your mind and environment for focusing.
- Dedicate specific blocks of time to deep work.
- Eliminate distractions during deep work time.
- Focus intently on learning during deep work.
Improving Time Efficiency
- Make your time worth more instead of trying to create more time for learning.
- Build a habit of focus.
Rule 3: Directedness
- Directedness means being actively engaged in the process you want to master.
- Directedness is learning by doing.
Declarative vs. Procedural Learning
- The declarative path involves learning concepts, facts, and definitions.
- The procedural path involves learning by doing.
- Application is needed to round out learning.
Applying Directedness
- Apply what you learn.
- Build a project while learning a skill.
- Projects force you to apply what you’re learning.
- Directedness helps solidify what you’re learning.
Rule 4: Drill
- Drill the skills that need the most improvement.
- Work on all areas to develop mastery, especially the ones you’re bad at.
Interconnectedness of Learning
- Learning is interconnected, and everything works together.
- Fixing one problem area can improve all of your learning.
Weakest Link
- You’re only as good as your weakest link.
- Spend the most time drilling and improving the area that is the weakest.
Rule 5: Retrieval
- Retrieval is actively recalling information and skills from memory.
- Retrieval is important for strengthening long-term memory.
Benefits of Retrieval
- Retrieval strengthens and cements learning into long-term memory.
- Retrieval is challenging and requires effort.
Applying Retrieval
- Teaching is a powerful way to use retrieval.
- By teaching something, you learn it twice.
Rule 6: Feedback
- Frequent feedback helps you see what you can’t see yourself.
Types of Feedback
- The least valuable feedback is ego feedback or praise.
- The best feedback is constructive and corrective.
Seeking Constructive Criticism
- Look at comments and analytics.
- Ask people to critique your content.
- Send out surveys.
- Seek constructive, corrective criticism to learn faster.
Rule 7: Retention
- Retention means regularly practicing with your knowledge and skills to stay sharp.
- If you don’t use it, you lose it.
Maintaining Skills
- Set up systems to revisit what you’ve learned.
- Repackage what you’ve learned into a different use case.
- Actively seek opportunities to apply and implement the skills you’ve learned.
Rule 8: Intuition
- Intuition is the gut feeling that comes with experience.
- Intuition is a sign of deep expertise.
Developing Intuition
- Immerse yourself in what you learn.
- Eat, sleep, breathe, and dream about it.
- Your mindset will change, and you’ll develop a deep intuition.
Rule 9: Experimentation
- Experimentation means trying new approaches to refine and optimize your process.
- Experimentation makes learning more fun.
- Experimentation dramatically improves our learning.
Applying Experimentation
- Experimentation brings your learning to the cutting edge.
- Come up with new formats or styles.
- Uniquely remix your ideas.
- Maintain high curiosity and interest in what you’re learning.